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Linux Commands & System Control

Linux कमांड्स सीखें और System कंट्रोल करें Termux में

1. Basic File Commands

Files और Folders को Manage करें

📁 File & Directory Commands:

$ ls# Files list करें
$ ls -la# Hidden files के साथ list
$ cd foldername# Folder में जाएं
$ cd ..# Back जाएं
$ cd ~# Home directory
$ pwd# Current path देखें
$ mkdir name# Folder बनाएं
$ mkdir -p path/to/folder# Nested folders
$ rm filename# File delete करें
$ rm -rf foldername# Folder delete (be careful!)
$ cp source dest# Copy file
$ mv old new# Move/Rename file
$ touch filename# New file बनाएं

2. File Content Commands

File का Content देखें और Edit करें

📄 Content Commands:

$ cat filename# File content देखें
$ less filename# Scrollable view
$ head filename# First 10 lines
$ tail filename# Last 10 lines
$ grep "pattern" file# Text search
$ nano filename# Nano editor
$ vim filename# Vim editor
$ echo "text" > file# Write to file

3. System Information

System की जानकारी प्राप्त करें

🖥️ System Commands:

$ uname -a# System info
$ df -h# Disk space
$ free -h# Memory usage
$ top# Running processes
$ htop# Interactive process viewer
$ ps aux# All processes list
$ uptime# System uptime
$ neofetch# System info display

4. Permissions & Ownership

File Permissions Manage करें

🔐 Permission Commands:

$ ls -l filename# View permissions
$ chmod +x file# Execute permission
$ chmod 755 file# Set permissions (rwxr-xr-x)
$ chmod -R 755 folder# Recursive permission
$ chown user:group file# Change owner
$ whoami# Current user
$ id# User ID info

📋 Permission Codes:

4 = Read
2 = Write
1 = Execute
7 = Read+Write+Execute

5. Process Management

Running Processes को Manage करें

⚙️ Process Commands:

$ top# View processes
$ htop# Interactive process viewer
$ ps aux# List all processes
$ kill PID# Stop process by ID
$ killall processname# Stop all by name
$ pkill name# Kill by pattern
$ bg# Background process
$ fg# Foreground process
$ jobs# List background jobs

6. Network Commands

Network और Internet संबंधित कमांड्स

🌐 Network Commands:

$ ping google.com# Check connection
$ ip addr# IP address
$ ifconfig# Network interface
$ netstat -tuln# Open ports
$ wget url# Download file
$ curl url# URL content
$ nslookup domain.com# DNS lookup
$ traceroute url# Route trace

7. User & Environment

User settings और Environment Variables

👤 User Commands:

$ whoami# Current user
$ users# Logged in users
$ env# Environment variables
$ export VAR=value# Set variable
$ echo $PATH# View PATH
$ history# Command history
$ alias name='command'# Create alias

💡 Tips & Tricks

  • • Tab दबाने से Auto-complete होता है
  • • Ctrl+C से Running command बंद होता है
  • • Ctrl+Z से Process Background जाता है
  • • man command से Manual देखें
  • • command --help से Help देखें
  • • ! से Previous commands रन करें (जैसे !ls)
  • • sudo Termux में नहीं काम करता